ICIP Across Canada: A Province-by-Province Snapshot

PSD Citywide

Share on

The Investing in Canada Plan (ICIP) is investing $180 billion over 12 years in four overarching areas: public transit, green infrastructure, social infrastructure and rural and northern communities. These investments have allowed for municipalities to undertake significant capital projects that are addressing long-term infrastructure issues and bringing innovative solutions to emerging areas.

Each province has taken their own approach to distributing their respective funds, either through allocation or grant programs. Many provinces have closed their call for applications for the 2019-2020 year for various project streams. However, the program continues to reopen on an annual basis in many jurisdictions, with each province prioritizing various projects within the differing areas each year (i.e. broadband connectivity, GHG reductions, Light Rail Technology (LRT), etc.).

It is important to note that while the four streams make up a large portion of the allocated funding, there are other grant programs and direct funding that this fund encompasses outside of the provincial priorities (e.g. Clean Water and Wastewater Fund, Public Transit Infrastructure Fund, Arctic Energy Fund, etc.). Each province’s approach under the four streams for the 2018- 2020 intake(s) will be outlined in the subsequent sections.

Eligibility (across provinces)

  • Provincial government (i.e. Government of Alberta, Ontario, etc.)
  • Public sector bodies (wholly owned by the respective province)
  • Private sector bodies—both for profit and not-for profit organizations
  • Municipal governments
  • Indigenous ultimate recipients, including: a band council, a First Nation, Inuit or Metis government, a not-for-profit organization whose central mandate is to improve Indigenous outcomes
  • For-profit organizations in collaboration with one more of the other above listed entities

ICIP Provincial and Federal Allocations

ProvincePublic TransitGreenCommunity,
Culture,
Recreation
Rural &
Northern
Communities
Ontario$1.62 billion$2.2 billion$407 million$625 million
Manitoba$546 million$451 million$112 million$61 million
Saskatchewan$307.9 million$416.3 million$56.2 million$115.9 million
Alberta$2.1 billion$1.25 billion$140.6 million$159.7 million
British ColumbiaN/A$903 million$134 million$95 million
Quebec$5.1 billion$1.8 billion$257 million$288 million
Nova Scotia$289 million$381 million$51 million$105 million
New Brunswick$165.2 million$347.2 million$46.2 million$114.6 million
Newfoundland & Labrador$109.1 million$302.4 million$39.8 million$104.6 million
PEI$27 million$228 million$29 million$82 million
Federal Allocation*$20.1 billion—Allocation according
to the following formula:
ridership (70%) + population (30%)
$9.2 billion—Three substreams:
(1) Climate Change Mitigation
(2) Adaptation, Resilience
and Disaster Mitigation
(3) Environmental Quality
$1.3 billion—A base amount of
$25 million is given to each
province and territory, the
remainder of the funds are
available on a per capita basis.
$2.4 billion—A base amount of
$75 million is given to each
province and $150 million to
each territory, the remainder
of the funds are available on
a per capita basis.

*Approximate figures

Ontario

The Government of Ontario has been releasing information on the respective streams in stages, with some streams having allocated funds and others having a grant application process. The Rural and Northern Communities stream has now closed for applications.

*Note: Grant applications from Ontario require that applicants submit their asset management plans with their application and provide context around asset management maturity.

Federal Cost Sharing:

  • Public Transit: 40% federal, 33.33% provincial, 26.67% municipal
  • Green Infrastructure: TBD
  • Community, Culture and Recreation Infrastructure: 40% federal, 33.33% provincial, 26.67% applicant
  • Indigenous applicants: 75% federal, 18.33% provincial, 6.67% indigenous applicant
  • Rural and Northern Communities Infrastructure:
Municipality <5,00060% federal, 33.33% provincial, 6.67% applicant
Municipality 5,000-10,00050% federal, 33.33% provincial, 16.67% applicant
Indigenous Community <5,00075% federal, 18.33% provincial, 6.67% applicant
Indigenous Community 5,000-10,00075% federal, 8.33% provincial, 16.67% applicant

Breakdown by Stream

PUBLIC TRANSIT

The deadline to submit an application for this stream is October 24, 2019. Eligible applicants include municipalities inside the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA), which receive Provincial Gas Tax funding and reported ridership to the Canadian Urban Transit Association (CUTA).

Eligible Projects:

  • Improved capacity of public transit infrastructure
  • Improved quality and/or safety of existing or future transit systems
  • Improved access to a public transit system

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

The Government of Ontario has yet to release information on deadlines or eligibility for the intake of this
stream.

COMMUNITY, CULTURE AND RECREATION INFRASTRUCTURE

The deadline to submit an application for this stream is November 12, 2019. This stream will focus on improving access and/or quality of community, cultural and recreation infrastructure.

Eligible Projects:
This intake will focus on two project types:

1. Multi-Purpose Category
This category focuses on the principal of integrated service delivery to address identified service gaps.

Eligible projects include:

  • New build/construction projects
  • Larger scale renovation
  • Expansion of existing facilities

2. Rehabilitation and Renovation Category

This category focuses on maximizing the funding impact of small-scale projects that would improve the condition of existing facilities.

Eligible projects include:

  • Renovation and rehabilitations to address functionality and use of existing facilities
  • Small-scale improvements to address accessibility (e.g., handrails, ramps, accessible doors/parking/elevators, wayfinding and signage etc.)
  • Small new build / construction projects of recreation, cultural or community centre infrastructure (e.g., playing fields, tennis courts, small community squares)

RURAL AND NORTHERN COMMUNITIES INFRASTRUCTURE

The call for applications for this intake closed on May 14, 2019. Applicants were able to submit an application for a capital project on road, bridge, air and/or marine infrastructure. The projects were required to be new construction, rehabilitation or replacement work.

Manitoba

The Government of Manitoba has now closed the call for applications for the respective streams.

Federal Cost Sharing:

  • Public Transit: 40% federal, 33.33% provincial, 26.67% municipal
    • Rehab projects: 50% with 33.33% from the province
    • New construction: 40% with 33.33% from the province
  • Green Infrastructure:
    • Provincial assets: 50% with 50% from the province
    • Municipal: 40% with 33.33% from the province
    • Not-for-profit: 40%
    • Indigenous: 75%
    • For-profit private sector: 25%
  • Community, Culture and Recreation Infrastructure:
    • Provincial assets: 50% with 50% from the province
    • Municipal: 40% with 33.33% from the province
    • Not-for-profit: 40%
    • Indigenous: 75%
  • Rural and Northern Communities Infrastructure:
    • Provincial assets; 50% with 50% from the province


Breakdown by Stream

PUBLIC TRANSIT

This stream is allocated directly through the Manitoba Strategic Infrastructure Secretariat. The aim of this stream is to improve the capacity of public transit infrastructure, improve the quality and safety of existing and future transit system, and improve access to the public transit systems.

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

This stream is being distributed through grant agreements, with applications having been due on September 12, 2019. Eligible projects for this stream are encompassed by the three overarching sub streams.

Eligible Projects:

1. Climate Change Mitigation

  • Increased capacity to manage more renewable energy
  • Increased access to clean energy transportation
  • Increased generation of clean energy
  • Increased energy efficient buildings

2. Adaptation, Resilience and Disaster Mitigation

Increased structural capacity to adapt to climate change impacts, natural disasters and extreme weather events

Increased natural capacity to adapt to climate related impacts, natural disasters and extreme weather events

3. Environmental Quality

  • Increased capacity to treat and manage wastewater and stormwater
  • Increased access to potable water
  • Increased capacity to reduce or remediate soil and air pollutants

COMMUNITY, CULTURE AND RECREATION INFRASTRUCTURE

This stream is being distributed through grant agreements, with applications having been due on September 19, 2019.

Eligible Projects:

  • Improved access to and increased quality of community, culture and recreation infrastructure for Canadians, including Indigenous people and vulnerable populations

RURAL AND NORTHERN COMMUNITIES INFRASTRUCTURE

This stream is being distributed through grant agreements, with applications having been due on September 26, 2019.

Eligible Projects:

Projects must meet at least one of the following outcomes:

  • Improved food security
  • Improved and more reliable road, air and marine infrastructure
  • Improved broadband connectivity
  • More efficient and reliable energy
  • Improved education and health facilities

Saskatchewan

The Government of Saskatchewan accepted an expression of interest until April 30, 2019. However, a more detailed application intake is expected in late 2019.

Federal Cost Sharing:

  • Municipal Governments: 40% with 33.33% from the province
  • Non-profit: 40% with 33.33% from the province
  • Indigenous: 75% with 25% from the province
  • Private (for-profit): 25% with 0% from the province


Breakdown by Stream

The Province has not determined the full parameters of each stream and the amount that will be allocated or given through grant agreements. The results from the expression of interests will provide the Province with more context around project priorities.

PUBLIC TRANSIT

The funds are aimed to help build new urban transit networks and service extensions and to upgrade existing systems to improve the way that citizens live, move and work.

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

The funds are aimed to support the reduction of GHG emissions, decrease the release of pollutants into the environment, ensure that more communities can provide clean air and safe drinking water, and enable greater adaptation and resilience to the impacts of climate change and climate-related disaster mitigation.

COMMUNITY, CULTURE AND RECREATION INFRASTRUCTURE

The funds are aimed to help build stronger communities and improve social inclusion.

RURAL AND NORTHERN COMMUNITIES INFRASTRUCTURE

The funds are aimed to address specific rural and northern needs.

Alberta

The Government of Alberta accepted an expression of interest for proposed projects up until July 31, 2019 for this funding round. However, the next intake is expected to open in Spring 2020. The province expects to have federal approvals in place for the approved projects by Spring/Summer 2020.

Federal Cost Sharing:

  • Municipal, for-profit organizations, postsecondary institutions and public bodies: 40% (a provincial cost share of 33.3% is required for municipal projects)
  • Government of Alberta: 50%
  • Indigenous: 75%
  • Private sector, for-profit organizations (not eligible under Community, Culture and Recreation stream): 25%
  • Rural and Northern Communities:
    • Up to 60% for municipalities with a population less than 5,000; and
    • Up to 50% for provincial, municipalities (population 5,000+), not-for-profits, postsecondary institutions, and public body
      projects


Breakdown by Stream

PUBLIC TRANSIT

Projects under the public transit stream are managed through Alberta Transportation and the funding is allocated to municipalities with the Regional Transit Authorities. The foremost focus of this stream will be to improve and expand public transit systems, with the primary objective being new construction. Rehabilitation projects are capped at 15% of total funding for the stream.

Eligible Projects:

  • Improved capacity of public transit infrastructure (e.g. new buses, light rail transit, etc.)
  • Improved quality and/or safety of existing or future transit systems (e.g. incorporating bike lanes and walking paths)
  • Improved access to a public transit system (e.g. low floor buses, barrier free stations, etc.)

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

Projects will generally be distributed through grant programs and will fit under the three sub streams:

1. Climate Change Mitigation

Eligible Projects

  • Increased capacity to manage more renewable energy
  • Increased access to clean energy transportation
  • Increased energy efficiency of buildings
  • Increased generation of clean energy

2. Adaptation, Resilience, and Disaster Mitigation

Eligible Projects

  • Increased structural capacity and/or increased natural capacity to adapt to climate change impacts, natural disasters, and/or extreme weather events

3. Environmental Quality

Eligible Projects

  • Increased capacity to treat and/or manage wastewater and stormwater
  • Increased access to potable water
  • Increased capacity to reduce and/or remediate soil and/or air pollutants

COMMUNITY, CULTURE AND RECREATION INFRASTRUCTURE

Projects will generally be distributed through grant programs and will be aimed at facilities supporting vulnerable populations. A minimum of $21.5 million must be used to address infrastructure investment needs of Alberta’s Indigenous populations living off-reserve.

Eligible Projects:

  • Must provide improved public access to and/or increased quality of cultural, recreational, and/or community infrastructure for Albertans, including Indigenous people and vulnerable populations

RURAL AND NORTHERN COMMUNITIES INFRASTRUCTURE

Projects will generally be distributed through grant programs and must be in communities with a population of 100,000 or less.

Eligible Projects (projects must provide the following outcomes):

  • Improve food security
  • Improve and provide more reliable road, air, and marine infrastructure
  • Improve broadband activity
  • Provide more efficient and reliable energy
  • Improve education and health facilities

British Columbia

The Government of British Columbia (BC) has now closed the call for applications for the respective streams.

Federal Cost Sharing:

  • Green Infrastructure/Community, Culture and Recreation Infrastructure: 40% federal, 33.33% provincial
  • Indigenous applicants: 75% federal
  • Rural and Northern Communities Infrastructure:
Local governments 5,000-25,00050% federal, 40% provincial
Local governments <5,00060% federal, 40% provincial
Indigenous Ultimate Recipients-On-Reserve75% federal
Indigenous Ultimate Recipients-Off-Reserve75% federal, 25% provincial

Breakdown by Stream

PUBLIC TRANSIT

The Province has not released information on the parameters or funding allocations for this stream.

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

The Province released funds for two of the sub streams through two separate grant programs:

1. Climate Change Mitigation—CleanBC Communities Fund:

The application deadline for this fund was March 27, 2019. Final decisions for the fund are anticipated in late 2019/early 2020.

Eligible Projects:

  • Increased capacity to manage renewable energy
  • Increased access to clean-energy transportations
  • Increased energy efficiency of buildings
  • Increase generation of clean energy

2. Environmental Quality—Environmental Quality Program:

The application deadline for the first intake was August 29, 2018. Applications are currently under review.

The second intake opens on October 30, 2019. Deadline for submission is February 26, 2020.

Eligible Projects:

  • Increased capacity to treat and/or manage wastewater and stormwater
  • Increased access to potable water
  • Increased capacity to reduce and/or remediate soil and/or air pollutants

COMMUNITY, CULTURE AND RECREATION INFRASTRUCTURE

The application deadline for this stream was January 23, 2019. Final decisions are anticipated in late 2019.

Eligible Projects:

Eligible projects must support public infrastructure, designed as tangible capital assets primarily for public use or benefit. They must meet the following outcome:

  • Improved access to and/or increased quality of cultural, recreational and/or community infrastructure for Canadians, including Indigenous peoples and vulnerable populations.

RURAL AND NORTHERN COMMUNITIES INFRASTRUCTURE

The application deadline for this stream was January 23, 2019. Final decisions are anticipated in late 2019.

Eligible Projects (projects must provide the following outcomes):

  • Improve food security
  • Improve and provide more reliable road, air, and marine infrastructure
  • Improve broadband activity
  • Provide more efficient and reliable energy
  • Improve education and health facilities

Nova Scotia

The Government of Nova Scotia has not indicated a specific deadline for the respective streams.

Federal Cost Sharing:

  • Public Transit:
    • All funds went to four ultimate recipients
  • Green Infrastructure:
    • Province: 50% federal
    • Municipalities, not-for-profits: 40% federal
    • Indigenous: 75% federal
    • For-profit, private sector: 25% federal
  • Community, Culture, and Recreation Infrastructure:
    • Province: 50% federal
    • Municipalities, not-for-profits: 40% federal
    • Indigenous: 75% federal
  • Rural and Northern Communities Infrastructure:
    • Province, municipalities >5,000, not-for-profits: 50% federal
    • Regional governments or municipalities <5,000: 60% federal
    • Indigenous: 75% federal
    • For-profit, private sector: 25%

Breakdown by Stream

PUBLIC TRANSIT

The Government of Nova Scotia allocated the full funding from this stream to four ultimate recipients based on ridership: Halifax, King’s Transit (Kentville), Transit Cape Breton-Sydney, Yarmouth.

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

Projects under this stream must adhere to the above discussed sub streams: Climate Change Mitigation, Adaptation, Resilience and Disaster Mitigation Outcomes, and Environmental Quality.

1. Climate Change Mitigation:

Eligible Projects:

  • Increased capacity to manage renewable energy
  • Increased access to clean-energy transportations
  • Increased energy efficiency of buildings
  • Increase generation of clean energy

2. Environmental Quality:

Eligible Projects:

  • Increased capacity to treat and/or manage wastewater and stormwater
  • Increased access to potable water
  • Increased capacity to reduce and/or remediate soil and/or air pollutants

3. Adaptation, Resilience and Disaster Mitigation Outcomes:

  • Increased structural capacity and/or increased natural capacity to adapt to climate change impacts, natural disasters and/or extreme weather events

COMMUNITY, CULTURE AND RECREATION INFRASTRUCTURE

Eligible Projects:

  • Improved access to and/or increased quality of cultural, recreational and/or community infrastructure for Canadians, including Indigenous peoples and vulnerable populations.

RURAL AND NORTHERN COMMUNITIES INFRASTRUCTURE

Eligible Projects (projects must provide the following outcomes):

  • Improve food security
  • Improve and provide more reliable road, air, and marine infrastructure
  • Improve broadband activity
  • Provide more efficient and reliable energy
  • Improve education and health facilities

New Brunswick

The Government of New Brunswick has not indicated a specific deadline for the respective streams.

Federal Cost Sharing:

  • Public Transit:
    • New construction/expansion: 40% federal
    • Rehabilitation: 50% federal
    • Private sector: 25% federal
  • Green Infrastructure:
    • Province: 50% federal
    • Municipalities, regional governments, not-for profits: 40% federal
    • Indigenous: 75% federal
    • For-profit, private sector: 25% federal
  • Community, Culture, and Recreation Infrastructure:
    • Province: 50% federal
    • Municipalities, regional governments, not-for profits: 40% federal
    • Indigenous: 75% federal
  • Rural and Northern Communities Infrastructure:
    • Province, municipalities >5,000, not-for-profits: 50% federal
    • Municipalities <5,000: 60% federal
    • Indigenous: 75% federal
    • For-profit, private sector: 25%

Breakdown by Stream

PUBLIC TRANSIT

Funding under this stream has been allocated specifically for Moncton, Saint John, Fredericton and Miramichi.

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

Projects under this stream must adhere to the above discussed sub streams: Climate Change Mitigation, Adaptation, Resilience and Disaster Mitigation Outcomes, and Environmental Quality.

1. Climate Change Mitigation:

Eligible Projects:

  • Increased capacity to manage renewable energy
  • Increased access to clean-energy transportation
  • Increased energy efficiency of buildings
  • Increase generation of clean energy

2. Environmental Quality:

Eligible Projects:

  • Increased capacity to treat and/or manage wastewater and stormwater
  • Increased access to potable water
  • Increased capacity to reduce and/or remediate soil and/or air pollutants

3. Adaptation, Resilience and Disaster Mitigation Outcomes:

  • Increased structural capacity and/or increased natural capacity to adapt to climate change impacts, natural disasters and/or extreme weather events

COMMUNITY, CULTURE AND RECREATION INFRASTRUCTURE

Eligible Projects:

  • Improved access to and/or increased quality of cultural, recreational and/or community infrastructure for Canadians, including Indigenous peoples and vulnerable populations.

RURAL AND NORTHERN COMMUNITIES INFRASTRUCTURE

Eligible Projects (projects must provide the following outcomes):

  • Improve food security
  • Improve and provide more reliable road, air, and marine infrastructure
  • Improve broadband activity
  • Provide more efficient and reliable energy
  • Improve education and health facilities

Newfoundland and Labrador

The Government of Newfoundland and Labrador has not indicated specific deadlines for the respective streams.

Federal Cost Sharing:

  • Public Transit:
    • New construction: 40% federal, 33.33% provincial, 26.67 municipal
  • Green Infrastructure:
    • Population <3,000: 40% federal, 50% provincial 10% municipal
    • Population 3,000-7,000: 40% federal, 40% provincial, 20% municipal
    • Population >7,000: 40% federal, 30% provincial, 30% municipal
  • Community, Culture, and Recreation Infrastructure:
    • All populations: 33.33% federal, 33.33% provincial, 33.33% municipal
  • Rural and Northern Communities Infrastructure:
    • Populations <100,000: 33.33% federal, 33.33% provincial, 33.33% municipal

Breakdown by Stream

PUBLIC TRANSIT

The Government of Newfoundland and Labrador has made the funds for this stream available to St. John’s and Corner Brook to improve capacity, quality or access to existing public transit networks.

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

Projects under this stream must adhere to the above discussed sub streams: Climate Change Mitigation, Adaptation, Resilience and Disaster Mitigation Outcomes, and Environmental Quality.

1. Climate Change Mitigation:

Eligible Projects:

  • Increased capacity to manage renewable energy
  • Increased access to clean-energy transportation
  • Increased energy efficiency of buildings
  • Increase generation of clean energy

2. Environmental Quality:

Eligible Projects:

  • Increased capacity to treat and/or manage wastewater and stormwater
  • Increased access to potable water
  • Increased capacity to reduce and/or remediate soil and/or air pollutants

3. Adaptation, Resilience and Disaster Mitigation Outcomes:

  • Increased structural capacity and/or increased natural capacity to adapt to climate change impacts, natural disasters and/or extreme weather events

COMMUNITY, CULTURE AND RECREATION INFRASTRUCTURE

Eligible Projects:

  • Improved access to and/or increased quality of cultural, recreational and/or community infrastructure for Canadians, including Indigenous peoples and vulnerable populations.

RURAL AND NORTHERN COMMUNITIES INFRASTRUCTURE

Eligible Projects (projects must provide the following outcomes):

  • Improve food security
  • Improve and provide more reliable road, air, and marine infrastructure
  • Improve broadband activity
  • Provide more efficient and reliable energy
  • Improve education and health facilities

Prince Edward Island

The Government of PEI closed their call for applications on April 26, 2019.

Federal Cost Sharing:

  • Public Transit:
    • Allocated directly through the Infrastructure Secretariat
  • Green Infrastructure:
    • For profit: 25% federal
    • Province: 50% federal, 50% provincial
    • Municipal: 40% federal, 33.33% provincial, 26.67% applicant
    • Not-for-profit: 40% federal, 33.33% provincial, 26.67% applicant
    • Indigenous: 75% federal
  • Community, Culture, and Recreation Infrastructure:
    • Provincial applicants: 50% federal, 50% provincial
    • Municipal applicants: 40% federal, 33.33% provincial
    • Not-for-profit: 40% federal, 33.33% provincial
    • Indigenous applicants: 75% federal
  • Rural and Northern Communities Infrastructure:
    • For profit: 25% federal
    • Province: 50% federal, 50% provincial
    • Municipal >5,000 <30,000: 50% federal, 33.33% provincial, 16.67% applicant
    • Municipal <5,000: 60% federal, 33.33% provincial, 6.67% applicant
    • Not-for-profit: 50% federal, 33.33% provincial, 33.33% applicant
    • Indigenous: 75% federal

Breakdown by Stream

PUBLIC TRANSIT

Funding through this stream is allocated directly through the Infrastructure Secretariat.

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

Projects under this stream must adhere to the above discussed sub streams: Climate Change Mitigation, Adaptation, Resilience and Disaster Mitigation Outcomes, and Environmental Quality.

1. Climate Change Mitigation:

Eligible Projects:

  • Increased capacity to manage renewable energy
  • Increased access to clean-energy transportation
  • Increased energy efficiency of buildings
  • Increase generation of clean energy

2. Environmental Quality:

Eligible Projects:

  • Increased capacity to treat and/or manage wastewater and stormwater
  • Increased access to potable water
  • Increased capacity to reduce and/or remediate soil and/or air pollutants

3. Adaptation, Resilience and Disaster Mitigation Outcomes:

  • Increased structural capacity and/or increased natural capacity to adapt to climate change impacts, natural disasters and/or extreme weather events

COMMUNITY, CULTURE AND RECREATION INFRASTRUCTURE

Eligible Projects:

  • Improved access to and/or increased quality of cultural, recreational and/or community infrastructure for Canadians, including Indigenous peoples and vulnerable populations.

RURAL AND NORTHERN COMMUNITIES INFRASTRUCTURE

Eligible Projects (projects must provide the following outcomes):

  • Improve food security
  • Improve and provide more reliable road, air, and marine infrastructure
  • Improve broadband activity
  • Provide more efficient and reliable energy
  • Improve education and health facilities
PSD Citywide icon.

Asset Management

Strengthen your community with our expertise.

More Articles

Asset Management

Top 4 Innovative Infrastructure Projects of 2024

In this article, we highlight municipalities leading the way in innovation to better serve their residents. Explore our list of notable infrastructure advancements and their transformative impact, showcasing how new technologies and initiatives are shaping the future of municipalities.

Asset Management

New Year, New Goals: Strategies for Municipal Success

Effective municipal goal-setting for 2025 includes aligning goals with long-term strategies, engaging the community, and using data-driven technology for planning, budgeting and reporting. PSD Citywide offers essential tools to help municipalities achieve their goals.